Bacterial Growth Essay Research Paper Bacterial GrowthBacteria free essay sample

Bacterial Growth Essay, Research Paper Bacterial GrowthBacteria are the most common and ancient micro-organisms on Earth. Most bacteriums are microscopic, mensurating 1 micrometer in length. However, settlements of bacteriums grown in a research lab petri dish can be seen with the unaided oculus. There are many divisions and categorizations of bacteriums that assist in placing them. The first two types of bacteriums are archaebacteria and eubacterium. Both groups have common ascendants dating to more than 3 billion old ages ago. Archaebacteria live in environments where, because of the high temperature, no other life can turn. These environments include hot springs and countries of volcanic activity. They contain lipoids but lack certain chemicals in their cell wall. Eubacterias are all other bacteriums. Most of them are phototrophic, i.e. they use the Sun s energy as nutrient through the procedure of photosynthesis. Another categorization of bacterium is harmonizing to their demand of O to populate. Those who do necessitate O to populate are considered aerobes. The bacteriums who don T usage O to populate are known as anaerobes. The form of specific bacteriums provides for the following measure in the designation procedure. Spherical bacteriums are called coccus ; the bacterium that have a rodlike form are known as B ; bottle screw shaped bacteriums are spirilla ; and filiform is the term for bacteriums with a filamentous visual aspect. Hans Christian Joachim Gram, a Danish microbiologist, developed a method for separating bacteriums by their different reaction to a discoloration. The procedure of using Gram s discoloration is as follows: the bacteriums are stained with a violet dye and treated with Gram s solution ( 1 portion I, 2 parts K iodide, and 300 parts H2O ) . Ethyl intoxicant is so applied to the medium ; the bacterium will either continue the bluish colour of the original dye or they will obtain a ruddy chromaticity. The blue colored bacteriums are Gram-positive ; th e ruddy bacteriums are identified as Gram-negative. Bacteria contain DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) merely like all cells. However, in bacteria the Deoxyribonucleic acid is arranged in a round manner instead than in strands. Bacteria besides contain ribosomes which, like in eucaryotic cells, supply for protein synthesis. In order for a bacteria to attach itself to a surface, it requires the assistance of pili, or capillary growings. Bacteria, merely like sperm cells, have flagella which assist in motion. But, sperm cells merely have one scourge, whereas bacteria contain scourge at several locations throughout their organic structure surface. Although most bacteriums are non harmful, a little fraction of them are responsible for many diseases. These bacterial pathogens have affected worlds throughout history. The pestilence, an ill-famed disease caused by bacteriums, has killed 1000000s of people. Besides, such a disease as TB, a disease responsible for the lives of many, is caused by bacterial pathogens ingested into the organic structure. Bacteria affect everyone in their day-to-day life because they are found about everyplace. They are found in the air, in nutrient, in life things, in inanimate things, and on every conceivable surface. Escherichia coli is a disease doing Gram-negative B. These bacteriums are normally found within the bowels of worlds every bit good as other craniates. This widely dispersed bacteriums is known to do urinary piece of land infections every bit good as diarrhoea. Microcococcus Luteus are Gram-positive parasitic spherical bacteriums which normally grows in grapelike bunchs. This species is normally found in milk and dairy merchandises every bit good as on dust atoms. Bacillus Cereus are a spore organizing type of bacteriums. They are Gram-positive and contain rods. Due to the fact that this bacterium is known to last cookery, it is a common cause of nutrient toxic condition and diarrhoea. Seratia Marscens a normally anaerobiotic b acteriums which contains Gram-negative rods. This bacterium feeds on disintegrating works and carnal stuff. S. marscens are found in H2O, dirt, milk, nutrients, and certain insects. In malice of the fact that bacteriums are harmful to the organic structure, certain steps can be taken in order to suppress their growing and reproduction. The most common signifier of bacteriums contending medical specialties are antibiotics. Antibiotics carry out the action which their Grecian beginning suggests: anti significance against, and bios intending life. In the early parts of the twentieth century, a German chemist, Paul Ehrlich began experimentation utilizing organic compounds to battle harmful beings without doing harm to the host. The consequences of his experimentation began the survey and usage of antibiotics to contend bacteriums. Antibiotics are classified in assorted ways. They can be arranged harmonizing to the specific action it has on the cell. For illustration, certain antibiotics attack the cell wall, others concentrate on the cell membrane, but most obstruct protein synthesis. Another signifier of indexing antibiotics is by their existent chemical construction. Practically all antibiotics trade with the obstructor of synthesis of the cell wall, proteins, or nucleic acids. Some bactericides interfere with the courier RNA, accordingly blending up the bacterial familial codification. Penicillins act by suppressing the formation of a cell wall. This antibiotic works most efficaciously against Gram-positive streptococcus, staphylococcus ( e.g. Micrococcus Luteus ) every bit good as certain Gram-negative bacteriums. Penicillin is normally prescribed to handle poxs, gonorrhoea, meningitis, and splenic fever. Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis in infective being. This antibiotic is obtained from the civil ization of Streptomyces. Streptomycin an antibiotic agent which is obtained from Streptomyces griseus. This antibiotic Acts of the Apostless by restricting normal protein synthesis. Streptomycin is effectual against E. Coli, Gram-negative B, every bit good as many coccus. Neomycin an antibiotic derived from a strain of Streptomyces fradiae. Neomycin efficaciously destroys a broad scope of bacteriums. Kanamycin an antibiotic substance derived from Streptomyces kanamycetius. Its antibacterial action is really similar to that of fradicin. Kanamycin works against many aerophilic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteriums, particularly E. coli. Protracted usage may ensue in auditory every bit good as other amendss. Erythromycin is an antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces erythreaus. This antibiotic plants by suppressing protein synthesis but non nucleic synthesis. Erythromycin has repressive effects on Gram-negative coccus every bit good as some Gram-positive bacteriums. Chlora mphenicol is a clinically utile antibiotic in battling serious infections caused by certain bacteriums in topographic point of potentially risky agencies of work outing the job. In lab trials, it has been shown that this medical specialty stopped bacterial reproduction in a broad scope of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteriums. The suppression of cell reproduction caused by Chloramphenicol takes topographic point through intervention with protein synthesis. An experiment was conducted in order to find which antibiotics are most effectual in suppressing bacterial growing. First, the different bacteriums were placed on agar inside petri dishes. Then, antibiotic phonograph record were placed into the dishes. Each bacterium was exposed to every one of the antibiotics listed supra. The bacteriums used in the experiment were: Bacillus Cerus, Escerichia Coli, Seratia Marscens, and Micrococcus Luteus. After a 24 hr incubation period, the consequences were measured. In order to find which antibiotic had the most consequence their zones of suppression were recorded. The zone of suppression refers to the distance from the phonograph record to the outermost subdivision around the phonograph record where no bacterial growing was present. The consequences can be seen on the graph and informations chart. The followers is a table demoing the different zones of suppression of each antibiotic in the bacteria civilization: TetracyclineChloramphenicolKanamycinNeomycinPenicillinStreptomycinErythromycinB. Cerus5.5956.61713E. Coli74.25.54.5no effect4.6no personal effects. Marscensno effectno effect4.54no effect3no effectM. Luteus2322101123.511.519After analysis of the informations obtained it is obvious that each antibiotic had a distinguishable consequence on the growing of the different bacteriums. The consequences of this experiment are really of import, since they teach of how each bacterium reacts to different antibiotics. This is really valuable because it is the info rmation which assists doctors in ordering certain medicines to bring around diseases caused by bacteriums. Bibliography1 ) Encart Encyclopedia 1994, CD-ROM. 2 ) McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 1992. 3 ) Physicians Desk Reference, 1996. 328